THE SACRED ROCK

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Key:

• 1 Parthenon
• 2 Old Temple of Athena
• 3 Erechtheum
• 4 Statue of Athena Promachus
• 5 Propylaea
• 6 Temple of Athena Nike
• 8 Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia
• 9 Chalkotheke.
• 10 Pandroseion
• 11 Arrephorion
• 12 Altar of Athena
• 13 Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus
• 14 Sanctuary of Pandion
• 15 Odeon of Herodes Atticus
• 16 Stoa of Eumenes
• 17 Sanctuary of Asclepius
• 18 Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus
• 19 Odeum of Pericles
• 20 Temenos of Dionysus Eleuthereus
• 21 Aglaureion
• 22 Peripatos
• 23 Clepshydra
• 24 Caves of Apollo Hypocraisus, Olympian Zeus and Pan
• 25 Sanctuary of Aphrodite and Eros
• 26 Peripatos inscription
• 27 Cave of Aglauros
• 28 Panathenaic way

 

SOME USEFUL INFORMATION

The chronicle of the Acropolis of Athens can be traced back to the Bronze Age – Mycenaean times.  The Acropolis in Greek means “the highest point of the city”.  Like Mycenae and Tyrins, the Athenian citadel became synonymous with the word in the minds of most people during the last two millennia.

The Mycenaean civilization established many important centers, one of which was Athens. The first inhabitants we can trace to the Acropolis of Athens were Mycenaean Kings who fortified the rock with massive eight-meter tall walls, and built their palaces there in the 14th century BCE.  Very little remains from these buildings today, but the most obvious evidence of this era is still visible at the southwest end of the Acropolis, right behind the later Temple of Athena Nike, next to the Propylaia, in the form of a cyclopean wall that was built as part of the fortifications.

Most of the Mycenaean centers were destroyed around 1200 BCE.  It was King Theseus who managed to unite the surrounding towns into an administrative entity, along with King Kordos’s heroic personal sacrifice to keep Athens inhabited and active.

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Historical Chronology

Greek Art & Archaeology

(Nigel Spivey,Greek Art, Phaidon, 1997)

Neolithic Age in Greece lasted from 6800 to 3200 BCE

3000 BCE – Cycladic figurines

Early Bronze Age (2900 – 2000BCE)

Minoan Age(2000 – 1400 BCE)

Early Minoan period (c.3000-2200 BCE),The Middle Minoan period (c.2200-1500 BCE) and the Late Minoan period (c.1500-1000 BCE).

2000 BCE – Minoan Palaces at Knossos and Phaistos; Linear A script

1500 BCE – Eruption of Theran volcano (Santorini)

1600 BCE – Shaft graves at Mycenae

1250 BCE – Lion Gate at Mycenae; ‘Treasury of Atreus’ (Trojan War?)

Mycenaean Age (1100 – 600 BCE)

Greek Dark Age – The Dark Ages (1100 – 750 BCE)

Geometric Period (900 – 700 BCE)

900 BCE – Protogeometric pottery

800 BCE – Geometric pottery / Phoenician-derived alphabet used in Greece

Archaic Period (750 – 500 BCE)

750 BCE – Circulation of Homeric epics

Classical Period (500-336 BCE)

550 BCE – Limestone pediments on Akropolis; Ionic order established (Temple of Artemis at Ephesus)

525 BCE – ‘Peoplos kore’ (Archaic Period) – Beginnings of red-figure pottery

480 BCE – Destruction of Akropolis (Persian occupation of Greece)

460 BCE – Temple of Zeus, Olympia

450 BCE – Work begins on Parthenon

440 BCE – Polykleitos; Pheidias: statue of Athena Parthenos, then Olympic Zeus

430 BCE – Parthenon and Propylaea completed (Peloponnesian war: defeat of Athens by Sparta)

400 BCE – Erechtheum (Trial of Sokrates)

350 BCE – Aristotle

Hellenistic Period (336-146 BC)

The Graeco–Roman Period (332 BCE -395 CE / AD) marks the end of Persian rule over Egypt. The Persians (who came from what is now Iran) were defeated by the Greek conqueror, Alexander the Great, who occupied Egypt and founded a new capital city at Alexandria.

330 BCE – Macedonian conquest of Greece, then Persia

323 BCE – Death of Alexander

300 BCE – Establishment of Hellenistic Kingdoms

165 BCE – Great Altar of eus, Pergamum

150 BCE – Stoa of Attalos, Athens (original of Laocoon at Pergamum? (Roman sack of Corinth)

31 BCE – Battle of Actium

529 CE/AD – Parthenon & Hephaisteion turned into Christian churches

1456 CE/AD – Turks occupy Attica

1804 – 90 – Transfer of Parthenon sculptures to Britain by Lord Elgin

1821-32 – Greek War of Independence

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